Pond ecosystem after a number of years of experimentation in the teaching of a beginner’s course in ecology we have found tha...

                    Ecosystem relay on two major sources of energy, the sun and chemical (or nuclear) fuels. Thus, we ...

     One of the most dramatic and important consequences of biological regulation in the community as a whole is the phenomenon genera...

              solar energy is a very important factor in the world. Organisms at or near the surface of the earth are immersed in ...

A very important corollary to the levels – of – organization concept is the principle of integrative levels, or, as it is also known, ...

Ecosystem characteristic Trend in ecological development  early stage to climax Or youth to maturity or growth ...

   aquatic eco systems is very important in the world.The sulfur cycle as diagrammed in figure 4 -2 illustrates the main features...

Since energy is an important common denominator in all ecosystems, whether designed by man, it provides a basis for that might be c...

     As in the case with short term development, as described earlier in this post, the long term evolution of ecosystems is shaped by...

    Even without external perturbations the climax does not necessarily remain unchanged forever. Observations in very old forest sugg...